ORIGINAL COMMENT · UNEDITED TEXT
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'1.2. Microwave EMFs, electro-hypersensitivity, and cancer
During the past 15 years several statistical studies indicate a connection between residential exposure to radiation of MT base station antennas (which emit similar radiation with that of mobile phones), and reported symptoms of unwellness usually referred to as “microwave syndrome”, or “electro-hypersensitivity” (EHS).
These include headaches, fatigue, sleep disorders, etc. [57–63]. Similar effects that were previously categorized as medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are recently attributed to chronic stress and inflammation [64]. Recently, in an effort to find objective methods for EHS evaluation, ∼80% of EHS self‑reporting patients were found to present oxidative stress biomarkers in their peripheral blood [65] which is strongly related to DNA damage.
At the same time, more and more epidemiological studies indicate an increasing connection between mobile phone use and brain tumors in humans, [66–75].
The time length of cancer development after cellular damage may be many years depending on the animal and the type of cancer. It is called latency period and is defined as the time between the initial causative event and the development of clinically recognizable cancer. The latency period for gliomas (type of brain cancer) is more than 20 years in humans [76].
This probably explains why epidemiological studies only recently have started showing a connection between mobile phone use and cancer.
Tumor promotion in experimental animals after long-term RF exposure at levels below the officially accepted limits is also reported [77,78].
In a recent study of the USA National Toxicology Program (NTP) rats were exposed for 2 years, 9 h per day, in a simulated near field of a mobile phone antenna emitting 2nd generation (Global System for Mobile telecommunications - GSM) or 3rd generation (Code Division Multiple Access - CDMA) EMFs. [The CDMA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System – UMTS].
Exposed rats developed brain cancer (glioma) and heart cancer (malignant schwannoma) for both lower (1.5 W/kg) and higher (3, and 6 W/kg) Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) levels than the current exposure limit (2 W/kg) for the human head [56,79]. An Italian life-span exposure study of rats in a simulated GSM 1800 far field, also found induction of heart schwannomas and brain glial tumors, in agreement with the results of the NTP study [80].
These findings are in agreement with the above reported DNA damage findings, since DNA damage is a main cause of cancer [81,82]. Alternatively, DNA damage may result in cell death, reproductive declines, or neurodegenerative diseases [83,84].
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1.4. Conflict between experimental studies due to unrealistic exposures
An extremely important observation is the intense opposition between the results of experimental studies that employ real exposures from commercially available devices (mobile phones or other telecommunication devices), and studies employing simulated exposures from generators or “test” phones with similar but invariant parameters such as intensity, frequency etc. While ∼50% of the studies employing simulated exposures do not find any effects, studies employing real-life exposures from commercially available devices display an almost 100% consistency in showing adverse effects [34–36,84,100–118].
A wide variety of biological and clinical effects are already found to be induced by real-life exposures on a similarly wide variety of animals/biological samples including human volunteers exposed in vivo (19 studies) [19,34,35,100,104,106–109,114,116], human sperm in vitro (2 studies) [23,100], mice or rats or guinea pigs or rabbits in vivo (24 studies) [100,102,103,105,110,111,115,117], Drosophila (11 studies) [15,16,26,31,41,42,100,101,140,141], bees (4 studies) [47,100,118], ants (1 study) [100], chick embryos (3 studies) [36,45,100], quails (1 study) [100], human cells in vitro (2 studies) [100,112], cow brain tissue in vitro (1 study) [113], mouse cells in vitro (1 study), protozoa (1 study), and even purified proteins in vitro (1 study) [100].
From a total of 71 studies reviewed above that employed real exposures 68 recorded significant adverse effects (95.8%) ranging from loss of orientation, kinetic, behavioural, or EEG changes, heart rate changes, effect on cognitive function and memory impairment, effect on cell growth and proliferation, temperature increases in brain tissue, to decrease in male and female reproductive capacity, reproductive declines, molecular changes, changes in enzymatic activity, biochemical changes in the pregnant women and their embryos, DNA damage and cell death, protein damage, and histopathological changes in the brain [34–36,84,100–118].'
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331661949_Comparing_DNA_Damage_Induced_by_Mobile_Telephony_and_Other_Types_of_Man-Made_Electromagnetic_Fields