MixedModerate evidencePaper 6758

Electromagnetic field stimulation modulates working memory and cortical alpha oscillations in healthy adults

Keywords

#electromagnetic fields #EMF stimulation #neuromodulation #working memory #short-term recall #WAIS-IV #Digit Span Forward #Digit Span Backward #EEG #alpha oscillations #theta-burst #theta-gamma #40 Hz gamma

Study snapshot

PublicationScientific Reports · 2026

Study typerandomized_trial

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingModerate

Abstract

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been shown to modulate neural activity, yet their specific effects on memory, particularly the distinction between working memory and short-term recall, remain unresolved. This study examined whether patterned EMF exposure influences these domains, using the WAIS-IV Digit Span Forward (DSF) and Digit Span Backward (DSB) subtests. Ninety-eight healthy volunteers were randomly assigned, in a between-subjects design, to one of four conditions: Theta-Burst (five-pulse bursts at 100 Hz), Theta-Gamma (mimicking theta–gamma coupling in hippocampal networks), 40 Hz gamma stimulation, or sham stimulation. Fields were applied for 30 min in one of three spatial configurations: unilaterally over the left hemisphere, unilaterally over the right hemisphere, or bilaterally over the temporal lobes. Theta-Burst EMF reduced working memory performance on the DSB task and was accompanied by increased high-alpha (10–12 Hz) activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus and a whole-brain effect centered on the right superior frontal gyrus. In contrast, Theta-Gamma EMF reduced DSF performance without detectable EEG changes. These findings indicate that EMF effects on memory are frequency- and pattern-specific, selectively altering behavior and, in some cases, underlying neural activity. Optimizing stimulation parameters may allow such fields to be harnessed for cognitive enhancement or targeted neuromodulation.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

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Study typerandomized_trial

Effect directionmixed

PopulationHealthy adults (healthy volunteers)

Sample size98

Exposure30 min

Evidence strengthModerateConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

In a between-subjects randomized design, Theta-Burst EMF stimulation reduced Digit Span Backward (working memory) performance and was accompanied by increased high-alpha (10–12 Hz) activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus and a whole-brain effect centered on the right superior frontal gyrus. Theta-Gamma EMF stimulation reduced Digit Span Forward performance without detectable EEG changes.

Outcomes measured

Working memory performance (WAIS-IV Digit Span Backward, DSB)
Short-term recall performance (WAIS-IV Digit Span Forward, DSF)
EEG cortical alpha oscillations (high-alpha 10–12 Hz activity; whole-brain effects)

Limitations

Between-subjects design (no within-subject crossover described)
Specific EMF exposure metrics (e.g., field strength, SAR) not reported in the abstract
Frequency units for stimulation patterns are given in Hz but carrier/band details are not specified

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "randomized_trial",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": "patterned EMF stimulation",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "30 min"
  },
  "population": "Healthy adults (healthy volunteers)",
  "sample_size": 98,
  "outcomes": [
    "Working memory performance (WAIS-IV Digit Span Backward, DSB)",
    "Short-term recall performance (WAIS-IV Digit Span Forward, DSF)",
    "EEG cortical alpha oscillations (high-alpha 10–12 Hz activity; whole-brain effects)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In a between-subjects randomized design, Theta-Burst EMF stimulation reduced Digit Span Backward (working memory) performance and was accompanied by increased high-alpha (10–12 Hz) activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus and a whole-brain effect centered on the right superior frontal gyrus. Theta-Gamma EMF stimulation reduced Digit Span Forward performance without detectable EEG changes.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Between-subjects design (no within-subject crossover described)",
    "Specific EMF exposure metrics (e.g., field strength, SAR) not reported in the abstract",
    "Frequency units for stimulation patterns are given in Hz but carrier/band details are not specified"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "moderate",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "electromagnetic fields",
    "EMF stimulation",
    "neuromodulation",
    "working memory",
    "short-term recall",
    "WAIS-IV",
    "Digit Span Forward",
    "Digit Span Backward",
    "EEG",
    "alpha oscillations",
    "theta-burst",
    "theta-gamma",
    "40 Hz gamma"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: Not supplied

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