{"id":"HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980","name":"Joel M. Moskowitz, Ph.D.","organization":"","posted":"2026-10-28T04:00Z","received":"2026-10-21T04:00Z","body":"Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: 36 years of research\n\nElectromagnetic Radiation Safety, August 25, 2026\n\nhttps://www.saferemr.com/2018/02/effects-of-exposure-to-electromagnetic.html\n\nThe preponderance of peer-reviewed research published since 1990 has found significant adverse effects from exposure to radio frequency radiation and extremely low frequency and static electromagnetic fields. \n\n\nDr. Henry Lai, Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington, Editor Emeritus of the journal, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, and an emeritus member of the International Commission on the Biological Effects of EMF, has compiled summaries of the research on the biological effects of exposure to radio frequency (RFR) and extremely low frequency (ELF) and static electromagnetic fields (EMF). His set of abstracts, which covers the period from 1990 through May 2026, constitutes a comprehensive collection of the peer-reviewed publications of  in vivo and in vitro research.\nDr. Lai reports that the preponderance of research has found that exposure to RFR or ELF EMF produces oxidative effects or free radicals, and damages DNA. Moreover, the preponderance of studies that examine genetic, neurological and reproductive outcomes have found significant effects. Among hundreds of studies of RFR, 72% to 89% reported significant effects. Among hundreds of studies of ELF and static fields, 78% to 90% reported significant effects.\n\nAccording to Dr. Lai, 260 low-intensity (SAR < 0.40 W/kg) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure studies published since 1990 reported significant effects: \"This means that biological systems are very sensitive to RFR. Moreover, it is clear that the current RFR exposure guidelines do not prevent the detrimental health effects of RFR.\"\n\nThe entire collection contains abstracts for more than 3,000 published papers. The abstracts can be downloaded by clicking on the links below.\n\nCell phones and other wireless devices also produce static and extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields. ELF was classified by the IARC as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B) a decade before RFR received this classification.\n\nSummary of Results (Last major update: June 8, 2026)\n\nRadiofrequency radiation (RFR)\n\n89% (n=390) of 438 RFR oxidative effects (or free radical) papers published since 1997 reported significant effects including 96% (n=110) of 114 studies with a SAR (specific absorption rate) ≤ 0.40 watts per kilogram (which is ten times less than the 4.0 W/kg threshold of harm that the FCC and the ICNIRP use to base their RFR exposure limits).\n\n72% (n=396) of 550 RFR genetic effects papers published since 1990 reported significant effects including 192 (84%) of 228 studies of gene expression.\n\n78% (n=396) of 507 RFR neurological papers published since 2007 reported significant effects.\n\n85% (n=354) of 415 RFR reproduction and development papers published since 1990 reported significant effects. Among the low-intensity exposure studies that reported significant effects, 73 studies used an exposure with a SAR ≤ 0.40 W/kg and 53 studies had a SAR ≤ 0.08 W/kg.\n\n260 low-intensity RFR exposure studies (SAR < 0.40 W/kg) published since 1990 reported significant effects.\n\n\nExtremely low frequency (ELF) and static electromagnetic fields\n\n90% (n=319) of 353 ELF/static EMF oxidative effects (or free radical) papers published since 1990 reported significant effects.\n\n84% (n=363) of 424 ELF/static EMF genetic effects papers published since 1990 reported significant effects including 92% (n=232) of 252 studies of gene expression.\n\n92% (n=364) of 397 ELF/static EMF neurological papers published since 2007 reported significant effects.\n\n78% (n=82) of 105 ELF/static EMF reproduction and development papers published since 1990 reported significant effects. \n\n   RFR = radio frequency electromagnetic fields\n   ELF = extremely low frequency or static electromagnetic fields\n\nAttached files:\n\nRFR Oxidative Effects studies\nRFR Genetic Effects studies\nRFR Gene Expression studies\nRFR Neurological Effects studies\nRFR Reproduction / Development studies\n\nStudies of biological effects in animals & plants exposed to low intensity RFR (SAR < 0.4 W/kg)\n\nELF Oxidative Effects studies\nELF Genetic Effects studies\nELF Gene Expression studies\nELF Neurological Effects studies\nELF Reproduction studies\nStatic / ELF low intensity studies that found effects (< 0.01 mT = < 10 μT)\n\nIntermediate Frequency studies (300 Hz – 1 MHz)\n","source_hash":"703c82dd4848117c63dd7da999e0dd75d26df3e774a52d6c32cb08c6cb866fb0","filing_type":"","proceedings":"","captured_at":"","source_name":"","number":"6980","withheld":false,"attachment_inventory":true,"capture_reviewed":false,"source":"https://www.regulations.gov/comment/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980","slug":"cancer-tumors-comment-6980","tags":[],"attachments":["https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_9.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_4.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_12.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_7.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_2.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_10.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_5.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_11.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_6.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_1.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_8.pdf","https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_3.pdf"],"attachment_names":{"https://downloads.regulations.gov/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-6980/attachment_9.pdf":"260530_RFR-neurological 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